When may a family member or friend interpret, and what risks does this pose to accuracy and confidentiality?

• A. Always encouraged as the first option when available.
• B. Only when no qualified interpreter is available and patient consent is given; risks include bias, omissions, and confidentiality breaches.
• C. Never allowed under any circumstances.
• D. Always preferred due to trust and familiarity.

Answer: (B)

The situation where a family member or friend may interpret is limited to situations where no qualified interpreter is available and the patient provides informed consent for this arrangement. Professional interpreters are trained to render messages accurately, preserve meaning, and maintain confidentiality, while family members may not have the training to translate medical terms or accurately convey nuances, leading to distortions or omissions. Their personal relationship can introduce bias or influence, causing selective translation or withholding information to protect or comfort the patient. Confidentiality is also at risk because a relative or friend isn’t bound by professional ethical standards in the same way, and sensitive health details may be shared beyond what’s appropriate or necessary.

If a professional interpreter is available, they should be used. When a family member is the only option, ensure the patient understands the limitations and consents, and document this choice.